There
are three main devices that work to connect one computer to another
computer. A network hub, switch, and router can all perform this
function. It can sometimes be confusing when trying to figure out what
device is currently being used on a computer network, without knowing
what each device does.
Network Hub
A network hub is
designed to connect computers to each other with no real understanding
of what it is transferring. Typically, a network hub is used for a
private network, one that does not have any connections to sources other
than local computers (meaning, no Internet access). When a hub receives
a packet of data from one of the connected computers, it broadcasts
that data packet to all the other connected computers, no matter which
one is the final destination of that data packet. Additionally, network bandwidth
is split between all of the connected computers. So, the more computer
that are connected, the less bandwidth that is available for each
computer, which means slower connection speeds.
In the past network switches and routers were expensive,
confusing, and hard to use for most users and most opted for network
hubs. Today, home network switches and routers are much easier to use
and much cheaper which is why network hubs are rarely used or found
anymore.
Network Switch
A
network switch also connects computers to each other, like a hub. Where
the switch differs from a hub is in the way it handles packets of data.
When a switch receives a packet of data, it determines what computer or
device the packet is intended for and sends it to that computer only.
It does not broadcast the packet to all computers as a hub does which
means bandwidth is not shared and makes the network much more efficient.
For this reason alone, switches are usually preferred over a hub.
Network Router
A network router is
quite different from a switch or hub since its primary function is to
route data packets to other networks, instead of just the local
computers. A router is quite common to find in homes and businesses
since it allows your network to communicate with other networks
including the Internet. Essentially, a router bridges the gap between
other networks and gives your network access to more features, e.g. a Firewall, QoS, traffic monitoring, VPN, and more.
Ok, but what should I buy a network hub, switch, or router?
This question really depends on how you plan on using
your network. For most users, a wireless network router is our
recommendation. A wireless router allows wireless devices (e.g. your smartphone, tablet, wireless laptop) to connect to your network and because it is a router it would also allow all of those computers to connect to the Internet.
If cost is a concern and you only want to connect a few
computer to each other, a switch is the ideal solution since they are
cheaper than a router.
In some situations you may need more than one router or
switch. If you are in a big area such as an office you may need a router
to connect all the computers to the Internet or other network and then
use other routers, switches, or access points to connect other parts of the building to the same network.
